What is asthma?
The airways (bronchi) in the lungs of people with asthma are sensitive. When these individuals are exposed to certain triggers, their airways narrow, making it difficult to breathe. There are two main factors that cause the airways to narrow:
1. The inner lining of the airways becomes inflamed and swells, and extra mucus (a sticky fluid) may be produced.
2. The muscles around the airways contract (bronchial lumen narrowing).
Why do people develop asthma?
The exact causes of asthma are not fully understood. However, asthma is often associated with a genetic predisposition, as seen in conditions such as eczema or hay fever. Asthma can develop at any age and may change over time. Children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy and children exposed to cigarette smoke during early childhood have a higher risk of developing asthma.
What are the main symptoms of asthma?
- Wheezing – a whistling or rattling sound when breathing in and out
- Chest tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Cough
Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. While some people may experience all of these symptoms, others may only have wheezing or coughing.
What are the triggers for asthma symptoms?
The triggers for asthma symptoms can also vary from person to person. The most common triggers are:
-
- Cold and flu (especially in children)
- Exercise (this can be controlled)
- Pollen, mold, and grass
- Animal fur and dander
- Microorganisms in house dust
- Cigarette smoke
- Changes in temperature and weather
- Certain medications (e.g., aspirin and some
blood pressure medications)
- Certain foods and additives, flavorings, and colorings in foods
- Certain occupations
- Certain emotional states (e.g., stress)
It can be difficult to identify the factors that trigger asthma in some people! Consult your doctor for more detailed information.
Can asthma be treated?
Asthma cannot be completely cured, but it can be controlled. In this context, many people with asthma can continue their daily activities without showing any symptoms. Good control of asthma allows you to lead an active and healthy life.
Effective asthma management requires the following:
1. Using asthma medications as directed
2. Monitoring asthma
3. Leading an active and healthy lifestyle
4. Avoiding triggers whenever possible
5. Obtaining a written asthma action plan
6. Visiting your doctor regularly
